Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

Fair and Impartial Evaluation: Editors assess manuscripts based solely on their academic merit, relevance to the journal's scope, and originality, without discrimination based on the authors' race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy.
Confidentiality: The editorial team maintains the confidentiality of all submitted manuscripts, disclosing information only to the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
Conflict of Interest: Editors and editorial staff must not use unpublished information disclosed in a submitted manuscript for their own research purposes without the author's explicit written consent.

Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure that their work is entirely original and properly cite or quote the work and/or words of others. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.
Multiple Submissions: Submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently is unethical and unacceptable.
Acknowledgment of Sources: Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Authors should cite publications that have influenced the nature of the reported work.
Authorship of the Paper: Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All significant contributors should be listed as co-authors.
Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: All authors should disclose any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript.
Fundamental Errors in Published Works: When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their own published work, it is their obligation to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate to retract or correct the paper.

Contribution to Editorial Decisions: Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and may also assist the author in improving the manuscript.
Promptness: Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse themselves from the review process.
Confidentiality: Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents.
Standards of Objectivity: Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate.
Acknowledgment of Sources: Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors.
Disclosure and Conflict of Interest: Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.