The Role of Literature in Building Nationalism: A Study of Chairil Anwar’s Poems

Abstract

This study examines the role of literature in fostering nationalism through an analysis of Chairil Anwar’s poems, a poet of the 1945 Generation known for his works filled with the spirit of struggle and freedom. Employing a qualitative approach with content analysis methods, this research explores themes, symbols, and values of nationalism in poems such as Aku, Karawang-Bekasi, Diponegoro, and Derai-Derai Cemara. The findings reveal that Chairil Anwar employs symbolic and expressive language to represent the spirit of resistance, courage, and sacrifice for Indonesia’s independence. The poem Aku highlights rebellion and individualism as expressions of the spirit of struggle, while Karawang-Bekasi portrays the sacrifices of fallen heroes for the nation. Diponegoro presents heroism as an inspiration for nationalism, whereas Derai-Derai Cemara reflects resilience in facing change. These findings affirm that literature plays a strategic role in building national awareness and instilling patriotic values in future generations.