An Analysis of Translation Procedures on The Book of Mark New Testament in Kupang Malay

Abstract

This study analyzes the translation procedures used in the New Testament Book of Mark, translated into Kupang Malay. The translation serves an important function, particularly for individuals who do not speak or understand the original language. The research focuses on identifying the types of translation procedures employed and interpreting the meanings of sentences resulting from these procedures. The objectives are twofold: (1) to identify the translation techniques used in the Kupang Malay version of the Book of Mark, and (2) to examine how these techniques influence sentence meaning. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach, the study identifies seven translation procedures: borrowing, calque, literal (word-for-word) translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. Among these, modulation, adaptation, and literal translation were the most frequently applied. Additionally, the study considers how these procedures affect connotative, referential, and grammatical meaning in the translated text